Will Solid-State Batteries Can Be A Breakthrough For Energy Storage?

We are witnessing drastic changes in the transport sector as EVs, hydrogen-run cars, and hybrids are introduced in the Indian market. It’s the second largest emitter of Carbon after the energy industry. While India is preparing itself to tackle the issues of Climate Change, steps to accelerate the budget of EVs and zero-emission vehicles are urgent. These e-vehicles can contribute to decarbonisation and overall net zero carbon emissions. However, the adoption of EVs is slow as people remain sceptical about technology, low mileage and charging issues. Despite exponential growth in EVs, drivers are reluctant to switch. Government need to subsidise and incentivise to boost the adoption of e-vehicles. Some positive trends are noticed, even after the COVID, sales of EVs rose to 4.7% in 2022 from 1.7% in 2021, indicating the possibility potential of expansion of e-mobility. It is expected to go up by 13.7%, making it a market of $951.9 Billion, according to the CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Report). Only 1% of the total energy subsidies were given to EVs, we need increased spending on research and development (R&D) and alternative technology. Solid-state batteries may revolutionise the EV and transport sector. Innovations in batteries are long due, State-Solid batteries offer a breakthrough in energy storage. 

Can Solid-State batteries live up to the hype? What it has to offer?

Lithium-ion batteries are reliant on liquid electrolytes which can be flammable and are more prone to leakage, however, solid-state batteries made from ceramic or polymer materials utilise solid electrolytes and offer safety, energy density, and longevity. Its energy density enables higher storage capacities in a smaller space. It becomes crucial when working in small spaces, it can store more energy and greater power output.  It boasts longer driving ranges, faster charging times, improved safety features and a reduction of dependency on fossil fuels. It is becoming promising with the research and development of its technology. solid electrolytes provide a stable platform for ion conduction, boosting the safety and reliability of the battery system. It can reduce two-fifths of the carbon footprint of Electric vehicle batteries highlighting the advantages of EVs. It indicates a significant transition from Lithium-ion to Solid-state batteries. As economies move towards renewables, solid-state batteries show potential for cleaner and greener options including storage, consumer electronics and aerospace. It can carry the solar and wind intermittent energy from the source. Grids have a crucial role in storing renewables, Solid-state batteries can charge faster and energy density makes them suitable for grid-scale energy storage applications. Thus, it can maximise the utilisation of renewable energy resources.

But why are we not using it already?

Solid-state batteries provide high energy density, improved cycle life and efficiency. It is competitive with the traditional Lithium-ion batteries. However, the scalability and the manufacturing cost impose the challenges before us. We need an approach to make it more cost-effective and to ramp up the production process in compliance with demand-supply. With the research and development, efforts should be made to enhance the performance and scalability of its technology. The future of Solid-state batteries is dependent on their accessibility and affordability.

Apart from its cost efficiency, it has the challenges of its long-term reliability and durability which is being tried and tested. Solid-state batteries need 35% more Lithium, however, they need less graphite and cobalt. Additionally, researchers are running tests to optimise its stability and developing g novel electrolytes. Novel Electrolytes are materials with low resistance and high ion conductivity to improve their energy capacity thus unlocking the potential of solid-state battery technology.

Toyota has caught the attention of the market by announcing commercialisation of the solid-state batteries by 2027. It promises a 745-mile range. The range cuts down the hassle of refuelling and charging the EVs frequently. Toyota is yet to respond on its cost, the picture will be clearer after they launch cars on Solid-state batteries. It has certainly become a talking topic in the market. Solid-state batteries may be a paradigm shift in the EV technology with its energy storage technology, safety, energy density and performance. As we move forward with innovations and technology, it is likely to bring affordability and accessibility. Markets hope that this will also bring down the cost of the cars ultimately leading to widespread adoption and integration.

Not just EVs, it also looks promising for the renewable energy sector. It is certainly important for the net zero mission and sustainability. Decarbonisation and a sustainable economy appear more realistic. We may be able to overcome the reliance on fossil fuels and open new opportunities for growth in sustainable energy. India needs to adapt this technology and invest in its research and development for its mission for a greener and more sustainable tomorrow.